1. The basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms is the:
Answer: B. cell
Biology Class 11 Unit 1: Cell and Sub-Cellular Organelles MCQs
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2. Who first observed thin slices of cork under a simple microscope in 1665 and named the empty spaces "cells"?
Answer: C. Robert Hooke
3. Which scientist concluded that cells are the ultimate units forming the structure of all plant tissue?
Answer: B. Schleiden
4. Schwann studied animal cells and found that they:
Answer: C. lack a cell wall and are covered by a membrane
5. In 1885 Rudolf Virchow stated that:
Answer: B. new cells develop by the division of pre-existing cells
6. Which of the following is NOT one of the three tenets of the cell theory?
Answer: D. All cells contain a nucleus and mitochondria
7. Which pair of scientists demonstrated that cells cannot grow in sealed and sterile conditions?
Answer: B. Francesco Redi and Louis Pasteur
8. Viruses are an exception to the cell theory because they:
Answer: B. are acellular and have no cell machinery
9. Which cells lack a nucleus and cannot divide to form new cells?
Answer: C. Red blood cells and sieve tube cells
10. The coenocytic hyphae of Rhizopus and the cells of the alga Vaucheria are exceptions to the cell theory because they are:
Answer: B. multinucleate
11. The total magnification of a light microscope is calculated by:
Answer: C. multiplying objective lens value by ocular lens value
12. The maximum magnification of a light microscope is about:
Answer: C. 1500X
13. The resolving power of a light microscope is about:
Answer: C. 250 nm
14. The resolving power of an electron microscope is about:
Answer: B. 0.2 nm
15. The image formed by the objective lens of a compound light microscope is:
Answer: B. real, inverted and magnified
16. Resolution of a microscope is the ability to:
Answer: C. distinguish two close points as separate
17. Which statement is true of an electron microscope but NOT of a light microscope?
Answer: C. A vacuum is essential for operation
18. Specimens for an electron microscope are kept as thin sections of:
Answer: B. 20 to 100 nm
19. The unit of sedimentation coefficient, used in ultracentrifugation, is named after:
Answer: C. Theodor Svedberg
20. The two major types of electron microscope are:
Answer: B. TEM and SEM
21. The cell wall of fungi is made up of:
Answer: C. chitin
22. The plant cell wall is chemically made up of mainly:
Answer: C. cellulose
23. Which layer of the plant cell wall is a true wall that develops in newly growing cells and stretches plastically?
Answer: B. Primary wall
24. The middle lamella is composed of:
Answer: B. pectin and calcium and magnesium salts
25. The secondary cell wall is rigid because of the deposition of:
Answer: C. lignin
26. The secondary cell wall is found mainly in:
Answer: B. sclerenchyma cells
27. Chemically, the plasma membrane contains:
Answer: B. proteins 60 to 80 percent and lipids 20 to 40 percent
28. Which model describes the membrane as a phospholipid bilayer with scattered proteins like icebergs in the sea?
Answer: B. Fluid mosaic model
29. In the phospholipid bilayer, the hydrophobic ends:
Answer: B. face each other in the interior
30. Increasing the unsaturated fatty acids in membrane phospholipids makes the membrane:
Answer: B. more fluid and flexible
31. In the plasma membrane cholesterol:
Answer: B. helps stabilize the bilayer and restricts entry of polar molecules and ions
32. Carbohydrates attached to membrane proteins are called:
Answer: B. glycoproteins
33. The thickness of the plasma membrane is about:
Answer: B. 7 nm
34. Hormones bind to specific target cells because those cells have specific:
Answer: B. receptor proteins
35. In cell signaling, signaling molecules are also called:
Answer: B. ligands
36. The correct sequence of cell signaling is:
Answer: C. reception, transduction, response
37. Peptide hormones cannot pass through the plasma membrane because they are:
Answer: B. water soluble
38. cAMP acts as a:
Answer: B. second messenger
39. Steroid hormones can diffuse directly across the plasma membrane because they are:
Answer: C. lipophilic
40. Which of the following is a steroid hormone?
Answer: C. Estrogen
41. Movement of molecules from higher to lower concentration without a carrier is:
Answer: D. simple diffusion
42. Which is NOT a passive transport mechanism?
Answer: D. Active transport
43. Glucose and amino acids cross the plasma membrane by:
Answer: B. facilitated diffusion
44. The two types of transport proteins used in facilitated diffusion are:
Answer: B. channel proteins and carrier proteins
45. Osmosis is the movement of:
Answer: B. water through a semipermeable membrane from low solute concentration to high solute concentration
46. Feeling thirsty after eating salty food is an example of:
Answer: B. osmosis
47. Active transport differs from passive transport because it:
Answer: C. moves substances against the gradient using energy
48. The sodium-potassium pump is an example of:
Answer: B. primary active transport
49. The cytosol is the:
Answer: B. water-soluble liquid matrix of the cytoplasm surrounding the organelles
50. Cytoplasm is about:
Answer: C. 90 percent water
About Biology Class 11 Unit 1 MCQs (Federal Board)
These 144 Biology MCQs cover Class 11 Unit 1: Cell and Sub-Cellular Organelles of the Federal Board (FBISE) HSSC-I (1st Year / Class 11) syllabus. They are SLO-based MCQs as per the new pattern for FBISE exams. Each question has four options and the correct answer is shown, so you can practise for the annual examination and find the topics you still need to revise. The questions are split over 3 pages of 50. Use the Print button to save this chapter as a PDF.